Newspapers / The University of North … / Feb. 15, 1922, edition 1 / Page 1
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The news in this publi cation is released for the press on receipt. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA news let Published Weekly by the University of North Caro lina for its University Ex tension Division. CHAPiX Hill., N. C. FEBRUAKY 15, 1922 7777. Po.t„mce at Oh.pel mu. K. O., unde, the act o. ^4, m I j y, yT’'—’ -Ri W.K-meht.D.D. Carroll,:J.B. BuUitt. E. W. Odum. n er """ . . S.C.Braa3ou.g.H.Hobbs..Tr..L. . ■ _ „ __ -- ,,1 the board and by the average Citizen — I r.11 lapr no-rip.nltural CrOpS. . m . • .1 .,^.4 . OTJMANK in public libraries A VICIOUS SYSTEM The North Carolina Club at the Uni versity has not limited its study of farm tenancy to the United States, but has extended it to Europe in a determined search for all the facts. The latest move of the Club has *0 "tudy farm tenancy conditions in the British Isles and continental Europe and to compare these conditions with ™- der which the American tenant lives, which was done by Miss Evgema B^- ant, who lead the discussion at the last Club meeting. Miss Bryant’s report shows that the European peasant lives on lower levels of life and with less chances to rise out of tenancy into farm ownership but in greater security, because of vailing long-term lease systems of the :"d countries. Settled customs, laws, and land courts protect both peas ants and landlords in and Scotland in P“t>oular. The long term lease offers inducement to the Eu ropean tenant to improve his surround ings and to manage his farm with very ^ mLhof the pride that a land-owner , feels As a consequence the tenant | generally satisfied to remain from year , to year on the same farm, and to im | prove its properties and its productivity , isomething which is seldom seen m North Carolina where a large part of the tenants move from place to place every year. The tenant in Europe re ceives the full benefit of provements he makes, while time the landlord is fully protected against neglect and damage. At tne expiration of the lease in Great Britain, France, and Belgium, the tenant re ceives in the settlement the of all improvements he has put up the farm and farm buildings including even the manure used m soil improve ment or an additional pane of glass put into the house. The landlord on his side is also protected against deteriora tion of soils and buildings, neglect, abuse, and damage of every sort. The principal drawback of this sys tem is the extreme difficulty a tenant must overcome in acquiring the owner ship of a farm, except m an Ireland, and also in Russia and the Bab kan states, where the land was restored to the peasant farmers as a «suit of the World War. The European tenant is also handicapped by rigid class dis tinetions. But with even these disad- vantages the tenancy system in Europ is better than the short-term rent eom traots in American tenancy areas. American tenancy system was com demned by James Wilson and Henry Wallace as being the most vicious ten ancy system anywhere on earth. Miss Bryant’s paper, along with all the other Club studies, will appear in te North Carolina Club Year-Book for 1921-22. mained on the farm. Make the farm as attractive as pos sible, and keep there the young men and women who have the makings of great citizens, but who will, m a major ity of cases, make a failure if trans planted to the city.-It’s the truth, Brother.—Durham Herald. HEAL EDUCATION What is an education? It is the right development, in the right direction, all the time, of the whole being, for the purpose of giving one as much life as possible for himself, and to share with others. , , This means that the whole person must be taken into account. ^ Education means more than a one-1 sided development of one talent or abil- , ity It means symmetrical and many-: sided growth. The reason why there ] are no more interesting people m me | world is because so many people are content with a one-sided development They are willing to be musicians and nothing but musicians. They are will ing to be newspaper men and nothing I but newspaper men. They are willing I to be lawyers and nothing but lawyers; 1 teachers and nothing but teachers; imn- 1 isters and nothing but minisiers. -■tiid : 1 so their range of thinking, ox couversa- 1 tion, and of action is limited, itue edu- ' cation takes into account a whole being, ^ with many possibilities-a life which . 1 has in it the elements of surpnse and ' an eagerness to know everything that ^ can be known about a very great world, ■ in order to sympathize with and enter . into the thought, so far as possibly of all sorts and conditions of men-Rev. Charles M. Sheldon in The Christian Herald. I AM YOUR TOWN j Make of me what you will-I shall reflect you as clearly as a mirror throws back a candle beam. e If I am pleasing to the eye of the , stranger vvithin my gates; if I am such a sight as, having seen me, he will re member me all his days as a thing of beauty, the credit is yours. Ambition and opportunity call some of my sons and daughters to high tasks i and mighty privileges, to my greater honor and to my good repute m fax places, but it is not chiefly these who I are my strength. My strength is in those who remain, who ate content with what I can offer them, and with what they can offer me ^ greatest of all Romans who said: Bet ter be first in a little Iberian village than be second in Rome.” I am more than wood and brick and stone, more even than flesh and blood-- 11 am the composite soul of all who call me Home. I am your town. Exchange. (Released for week beginning Febru ary 13.) KNOW NORTH CAROLINA Libraries !n North Carolina Mary B. Palmer Public library development m North Carolina has been rapid during the last two years, 11 public libraries having been opened in that period. Fifty-six of the 63 North Carolina towns of more than two thousand people, have public libraries. Forty of these are free and sixteen are sub scription libraries. However, thirty- eight of the fifty-six libraries have annual incomes of less than one thousand dollars, and only five have more than five thousand annually. On December 30th, the Council of the American Library Association pas'sed a resolution stating its belief that one dollar per capita of the pop ulation of the community served is a reasonab'e minimum annual revenue for the library in a community desir ing to maintain a good modern pub lic library system with trained libra rians. all her agricultural crops. Nor do such feats as those limit the field of her glories. In the percent of value added to her raw materials by manufacture, she leads all the manu facturing states. She is second only to Massachusetts in the manufacture o cotton goods. Her tobacco manufac turers lead the world. She has 333 textile mills than her next best South ern competitor. She leads the South in mills dyeing and finishing their own pro ducts. She leads the South in the mak ing of cheese and the manufacturing ot furniture. She has the biggest hosiery mills and the biggest towel mills in the world; the biggest denim mills, damask mills, and underwear factory on the face of the civilized globe. And among ^ the people who grow rich on the bign®ss | of her blessings^ are the highest birth rate and the lowest death rate m Amer-, A great state, Tarheels! Get the thrill of her greatness into you. The Old North State is the richest, the love liest, and the grandest piece of ground ever given to the hand and brain of man to enjoy.—James Hay, Jr., Asheville I Citizen. WHERE WE FALL DOWN North Carolina farmers have been slow to adopt modern conveniences for their homes and farms. It is a sad fact that many of them take better care of their stock than they do of ilies. Many of them have magnificent barns for their roughage and stock, bu theh families, usually the woyn, have to draw water from a deep well or carry H from a spring; use ordinary keroBene lamps for their artificial light do the S washing over - old-time tub with a corrugated washboard, m fact, the most crude methods of ing are still in use in a majority of the - fa?m houses in this state. The state | ranks high in crop production, but stands low in making life more bearable for the families of the farmer. In the matter of light this state is way down the list. Only about eight thousand farms, or three Pu^^ent are equipped with gas or electric lig , 2rty eight states in the Union stand- ffirbigh-than North Carolina m tha respect There is no reason for the farmer not having his home lighted by electricity or gas and runnmg the house. Modern conveniences make the farm more attractive, and P"^®™ the boys and girls from l®uving that life to work in the factory or office m the city, where they can never expect torenI;rthe service to them-lvesor the country that they could if they re- THIS GREAT STATE OF OURS ^he South, says the Manufacturers Jihe boutn, exij'o — Record, is the nation’s greatest asset, and publishes a list of forty-seven crops and raw materials as instances of this i section’s rich and lordly “utributions to the country’s resources. Of the forty seven listed. North Carolina produces forty-one. The Old North State is the , ■ South’s greatest asset. , For example; the South P^'^uces 611 nercent of the nation’s mica, and North Carolina is first among all the states of the country in the production of mica the South produces 40 percent of the nation’s feldspar, and North Carolina leads the Union in feldspar Production I the South furnishes 90 P®rcentof the nation’s early ® eariy North Carolina has the richest earjy ' truck-gardening section m the South the South produces 90 percent of the nation’s aluminum, and North Carolina has the biggest aluminum plant on the globe; the South produces 60 Percent of ttie country’s lumber, and in "Western North Carolina’s hardwood forests and in Eastern North Carolina’s loblolly pme woods the Eastern half of the Umted States has its richest and biggest sup- ffiTes of lumber; the South has water power capable of 9,000.000 horse-power development, and of this North Caro lina’s share Is 1,000,000. ^ Ottr Primacy ’ So runs the list, every item Prmtmg the Old North State’s Croesus-like StanJardsof service for this amount include a registration of cardholders equal to at least thirty per cent of the population, and a considerable collection of the more expensive books of reference, with a home use of about five volumes per capita per year. Judged by the financial standard of one dollar per capita, not one city library in North Carolina is prepared to serve the entire population. The libraries of the state have attempt ed adequate library service with an nual incomes of from twenty to thirty cents per capita, and the result has been that not all people have had books brought to them. The home use of books in North Carolina libraries is remarkable in view of the limited financial resources of these institutions. The Burling ton Public Library was the only li brary in the state that reached the standard of five volumes per capita in 1921, though several circulated three volumes per capita. It seems evident that public libra ries cannot give complete service on thirty or thirty-five cents per capita, and that the average North Carolina city cannot spend one dollar per cap ita for library service without a re vision of the revenue system. What we need is a new .vision of the edu cational power of the public library. When every town in North Caro lina has a well-equipped library there will still be a rural population of two million without public library facili ties. The people of Durham, Guil ford, and Forsyth counties now have library privileges through appropria tions from the county commissioners or county boards of education to the libraries in those counties. North Carolina’s greatest library need is a strong county library with deposit stations and rural book delivery m every county.-Secretary N. C. State Library Commission. CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLS North Carolina has generally accepted the principle of rural school consolida tion, but we have not yet practically applied the principle as extensively and as wisely as the needs seem to require , , It appears, however, that thoughtful ' school boards and superintendents are | ‘ beginning to take seriously the subject j of making the rural school more effect- j 1 ive and to that end are looking to the consolidation of weak schools and the transportation of pupils as an outstand ing means by which it can be done. To those officials who are planning to give attention to this important work, the suggestions given below are offered for whatever they may be worth. Too often we have been inclined to consolidate with reference to the desires of localities rather than with reference to the needs of the county at large. For ' that reason it appears necessary for the ' county board and the superintendent to ' look at the county as a whole rather than at its various parts or local districts, if intelligent consolidation is to be made throughout the entire county. By view- j ing tfie county as a whole the officials and the people are enabled to cooperate and to act more intelligently in re-dis- tricting the county and in planning for a permanent school system. To get such a view, adequate and complete, it would seem well that the board and the super intendents be in possession of intorma tion such as the following: 1. Information concerning the general external and internal school conditions of the entire county is needed. This can be had by an impartial, sympathetic, fair, and accurate statement of facts, both statistical and informational in char- , actor. Such a statement can of course | ' be best prepared by the superintend ent, though it may sometimes be neces- , sary to have assistance with the details. ■ The statement phould be prepared in full ' and in writing and so made as to be easily and intelligently understood by the board and by the average citizen of the county. Technical terms and the so- called survey terminology should be avoided, as well as the attitude that often appears in the so-called survey. The statement should above all be sym pathetic rather than critical. 2. On such a statement, helpful, prac tical suggestions and recommendations for improvement should be made. These should also be in writing and so stated as to be easily and intfelligently under stood by both the board and the aver age citizen. I A Condition of Success 1 3. An adequate up-to-date map of the I county should be prepared and used, be- 1 cause graphic illustration conveys defi- nite ideas more readily and safely. On such a map information such as the fol lowing should be shown: (a) The boundaries of the present ! school district. i (b) The location of each schoolhonse. 1 (c; The location of each home, with the number of school children in each, j (d) All roads should be shown. The ' present condition of the roads should : also be indicated, and all road-building projects in process or in contemplation : by the county and the state highway commission should be tfiken into ac count in this connection. (e) All natural barriers such as rivers, creeks, swamps, mountains, etc., should [ be shown, i 4. Information should be had concern- jiugi . - 1 (a) The general school interests of j each school district, (b) The size of each school district ' and the number of children in it. (c) The size of each school house. (d) The school population, the enroll ment, and the average daily attendance of each school district. (e) The general attitude of the people of each school district on the subject of the consolidation of schools and the transportation of pupils. This can be gained only by tact, patience, and with- 'out undue agitation, and by innumer able personal interviews. In most cases it will be gained very slowly. With the information called for above properly in hand and properly digested by the board and the superintendent, a tentative plan for redistricting the coun ty can be made with a view to wise con solidation. After such a plan is worked out, another map could be prepared showing the proposed new districts, as well as the old districts to be retained. The board will of course be prepared to give sufficient reasons for any and all changes proposed and, if occasion should require, to set forth convincingly the advantages of the proposed changes and to meet the objections to them. I Meantime there should be carried on ^ a systematic policy of intelligent publi- ! city throughout the county, through the I newspapers, the motion picture service, ; a county school newspaper, extension i work through community meetings, or ' recular communications from the boara ' and the superintendent to the people. For this purpose an up-to-date mailing list of the active citizens of the county should be kept in the superintendent s office.-E. W. Knight, Univemty of North Carolina, in the Banker-Farmer. BOOKS IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN THE U.S. Exhibiting (1) for each state the total number of bound fnntcf ' lie libraries, fv C' M Miller University of Oklakoma, from the Educational Directory the Lder*fi Education Bureau 1920, and published m School and Society. - ‘X^o!^ciia ranks 4yth and .ly Arkansas m.es a poorer showing., wealth in the italics of wonder.^ The South producesnearly all the nation s cot ton and 60 percentof the world’s supply, and North Carolina heads the Union in the production of cotton per acre. 1 he South grows the country’s tobacco, and North Carolina gets more money for her tobacco crop than any other state, more than any similar area in the world. ' The South grows 100 percent of the na tion’s peanuts and 93 percent of the nation’s sweet potatoes, and m both crops North Carolina is the third state in the Union. North Carolina has grown niore corn to the acre than any other part of the country or the world. She is America’s fifth state in the value of Rank State VMs.^per New Hampshire..-.1,978 Massachusetts 1,88^ Vermont 1,405 Nevada 1,388 . Connecticut 1,329 Rhode Island 1,166 704,683 Maine..' 1,085 Total vols. 861,662 7,263,021 495,233 107,466 833.328 3.23^014 Delaware 860 189,494 iu Oregon 694 643,622 11 New York 660 6,856,009 12 Montana 692 13 Michigan 683 2,13'7,6U 14 New Jersey 677 1,821,169 Illinois 648 S.654,666 16 ColoLdo 637 604,390 Arizona 635 178,591 Wyoming 499 97,000 19 Iowa 498 1,198,259 1^ jQA 1 /inc Qfi/i 20 Indiana 480 Vols. pep- Total 1000 pop. vols. 25 Utah 420 188,847 26 Maryland 371 537,392 27 Missouri 326 1,109,706 28 Pennsylvania 310 2,703,799 29 Nebraska 306 30 Idaho 295 31 Kansas 279 32 Kentucky 213 33 South Dakota 199 34 Tennessee 183 35 North Dakota 165 36 Louisiana 165 37 West Virginia 152 38 Alabama 130 39 Texas 112 40 Florida 106 41 Oklahoma 102 42 Georgia 0^ 43 Virginia 00 44 New Mexico ,83 45 Mississippi. ...e... 82 1.406,904 ZU iliuia-iici ’ % r -Va IS 76 i 443 1,166,613 47 North Carolina. . 56 24 Washington 442 598,950 48 Arkansas 37 396,451 127,545 494,417 514,727 126,489 428,745^ 106,945 297,555 221,952 305,483 521,768 102,682 207,209 274,480 207,837 29,760 147,130 127,715 144,204 64,594
The University of North Carolina News Letter (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 15, 1922, edition 1
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